msys2

mingw/cygwin+包
pacman 包管理器
提供类似 sudo
推荐本地 bin 位置 C:\msys64\usr\local\bin
参考
- VSC 集成
- imachug/win-sudo
- 包索引
- archlinux Pacman
- archlinux Pacman tips

提示

建议将 C:\msys64 目录从安全扫描排除

# 更新
pacman -Syu
# 从新启动再更新
pacman -Su

# 基础开发工具
pacman -Sy --needed base-devel git mingw-w64-x86_64-toolchain mingw-w64-x86_64-gcc
pacman -Sy gcc
pacman -Sy unzip zip

# 安装 Go
pacman -S mingw-w64-x86_64-go
# export GOROOT=/mingw64/lib/go
# export GOPATH=/mingw64

# mingw-w64-x86_64-nsis - nsis 脚本安装工具

# 安装 win-sudo
curl -s https://raw.githubusercontent.com/imachug/win-sudo/master/install.sh | sh

Tips

# 打开目录
start "$(cygpath -d $PWD)"

flavor

Name	Prefix	Toolchain	Architecture	C Library	C++ Library
MSYS	/usr	gcc	x86_64	cygwin	libstdc++
MINGW64	/mingw64	gcc	x86_64	msvcrt	libstdc++
UCRT64	/ucrt64	gcc	x86_64	ucrt	libstdc++
CLANG64	/clang64	llvm	x86_64	ucrt	libc++
MINGW32	/mingw32	gcc	i686	msvcrt	libstdc++

pacman 常用命令

pacman -Ss nano     # 搜索
pacman -Qs nano     # 搜索已经安装的包
pacman -S nano      # 安装
pacman -R nano      # 卸载
pacman -Ql nano     # 显示包内容
pactree nano        # 包依赖树
pacman -Qi nano     # 直接依赖
pacman -Qo nano.exe # 文件归属包
pacman -F vim.exe   # 包含文件的包 - 会下载数据库

镜像

mirror https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/help/msys2/
- /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist.mingw32 - i686
- /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist.mingw64 - x86_64
- /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist.msys

目前官方仓库速度还可以

# backup
mv -t . /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist.mingw32 /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist.mingw64 /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist.msys
echo "Server = https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/msys2/mingw/i686" > /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist.mingw32
echo "Server = https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/msys2/mingw/x86_64" > /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist.mingw64
echo 'Server = https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/msys2/msys/$arch' > /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist.msys

.profile

# /c/GO/bin 看情况 - pacman go 和官方差距不大
# export GOPATH=$HOME/go
export PATH="$PATH:$HOME/.local/bin:$HOME/go/bin"
export GO111MODULE=on
export GOPROXY=https://goproxy.io

function o()
{
    if [ $# -eq 0 ]; then
        local opath=.
    else
        local opath="$@"
    fi
    # Windows
    command -v cygstart > /dev/null && cygstart "$opath" && return
    command -v cygpath > /dev/null && start "$(cygpath -d $opath)" && return
}

修改 Home 目录

默认 home 为
- /home/$USER
- /msys64/home/$USER
- /msys32/home/$USER

/etc/nsswitch.conf

db_home: windows

如果不行则尝试

db_home: windows cygwin desc
db_home: env windows /c/User/Administrator

SSHd

Setting up SSHd

pacman -Sy openssh cygrunsrv mingw-w64-x86_64-editrights

# 创建 sshd 用户需要管理员权限
sudo ./msys2-sshd-setup.sh

msys2-sshd-setup.sh

#!/bin/sh
# from https://www.msys2.org/wiki/Setting-up-SSHd/

set -e

UNPRIV_USER=sshd # DO NOT CHANGE; this username is hardcoded in the openssh code
UNPRIV_NAME="Privilege separation user for sshd"

EMPTY_DIR=/var/empty

if ! /mingw64/bin/editrights -h >/dev/null; then
    echo "ERROR: Missing 'editrights'. Try: pacman -S mingw-w64-x86_64-editrights."
    exit 1
fi

if ! cygrunsrv -v >/dev/null; then
    echo "ERROR: Missing 'cygrunsrv'. Try: pacman -S cygrunsrv."
    exit 1
fi

if ! ssh-keygen -A; then
    echo "ERROR: Missing 'ssh-keygen'. Try: pacman -S openssh."
    exit 1
fi

#
# The unprivileged sshd user (for privilege separation)
#
add="$(if ! net user "${UNPRIV_USER}" >/dev/null; then echo "//add"; fi)"
if ! net user "${UNPRIV_USER}" ${add} //fullname:"${UNPRIV_NAME}" \
              //homedir:"$(cygpath -w ${EMPTY_DIR})" //active:no; then
    echo "ERROR: Unable to create Windows user ${UNPRIV_USER}"
    exit 1
fi

#
# Add or update /etc/passwd entries
#
if test -f /etc/passwd; then
    sed -i -e '/^'"${UNPRIV_USER}"':/d' /etc/passwd
    SED='/^'"${UNPRIV_USER}"':/s?^\(\([^:]*:\)\{5\}\).*?\1'"${EMPTY_DIR}"':/bin/false?p'
    mkpasswd -l -u "${UNPRIV_USER}" | sed -e 's/^[^:]*+//' | sed -ne "${SED}" \
             >> /etc/passwd
    mkgroup.exe -l > /etc/group
fi

#
# Finally, register service with cygrunsrv and start it
#
cygrunsrv -R msys2_sshd || true
cygrunsrv -I msys2_sshd -d "MSYS2 sshd" -p /usr/bin/sshd.exe -a "-D -e" -y tcpip

# The SSH service should start automatically when Windows is rebooted. You can
# manually restart the service by running `net stop msys2_sshd` + `net start msys2_sshd`
if ! net start msys2_sshd; then
    echo "ERROR: Unable to start msys2_sshd service"
    exit 1
fi

Gitlab Runner

# --create-file-mode 0744
curl -LO https://gitlab-runner-downloads.s3.amazonaws.com/latest/binaries/gitlab-runner-windows-amd64.exe
chmod +x gitlab-runner-windows-amd64.exe

mkdir -p /opt/bin
mv gitlab-runner-windows-amd64.exe /opt/bin/gitlab-runner.exe

mkdir -p runner && cd runner
# gitlab token env
REGISTRATION_TOKEN=
gitlab-runner register \
  --non-interactive \
  --executor shell \
  --shell bash \
  --url "https://gitlab.com/" \
  --registration-token "$REGISTRATION_TOKEN" \
  --description windows-shell-runner \
  --tag-list "windows,shell,bash" \
  --run-untagged=false \
  --locked=false \
  --access-level=not_protected \
  --builds-dir ./build \
  --cache-dir ./cache
# 生成的配置
cat config.toml
# 不能通过 SSH 执行 - FATAL: Failed to start gitlab-runner: The specified service does not exist as an installed service.
gitlab-runner run -c ./config.toml -d .

# service
cygrunsrv -R gitlab_shell_runner
cygrunsrv -I gitlab_shell_runner -d "Gitlab Shell Runner" -p /opt/bin/gitlab-runner.exe -c $PWD -a "run -c ./config.toml -d ." -y tcpip

CI

https://www.msys2.org/docs/ci/

FAQ

GCC vs LLVM/Clang

GCC
- 使用更多
- 支持 Fortran
- 包可能使用 Clang 构建
LLVM/Clang
- 只使用 LLVM 工具 - LLD linker, LIBC++
- Clang 支持 ASAN
- 原生支持 TLS/Thread-local storage
- LLD 比 LD 更快但功能特性更少
- 缺少部分 GNU 下工具
- Windows 10 支持 ARM64/AArch64 架构

MSVCRT vs UCRT

MSVCRT - Microsoft Visual C++ Runtime
- Windows 默认，后向兼容，非 C99 兼容
- 不支持 UTF-8 locale
UCRT - Universal C Runtime
- 新版本 Microsoft Visual Studio 默认
- Windows 10 默认带

msys2

Tips​

pacman 常用命令​

镜像​

.profile​

修改 Home 目录​

SSHd​

Gitlab Runner​

CI​

FAQ

GCC vs LLVM/Clang​

MSVCRT vs UCRT​

Tips

pacman 常用命令

镜像

.profile

修改 Home 目录

SSHd

Gitlab Runner

CI

GCC vs LLVM/Clang

MSVCRT vs UCRT